![]() ![]() Our data show that as expected, neutralizing antibodies to chimpanzee adenoviruses are rarely found in humans residing in the United States or Thailand. Titers to AdC68 and AdC6 were higher in chimpanzees than in humans, but titers to AdC1 in both species were similar ( Table 2). The prevalence of antibodies to AdC6 and AdC68 was high and exceeded that of antibodies to AdC1 ( Table 1). One serum sample from Cameroon neutralized all 3 chimpanzee adenoviruses and had titers of 20 to AdC68 and 160 to AdC6 and AdC1.Ĭirculating neutralizing antibodies to AdHu5 were found in 44% of captive US chimpanzees titers in chimpanzee samples were comparable to those in human sera, suggesting that AdHu5 can readily cause an infection in captive chimpanzees. No association was found between neutralizing antibodies to AdC68, AdC6, and AdC1 in any of the human samples tested, and only a few human serum samples had neutralizing antibodies to >1 chimpanzee adenovirus (data not shown). Although most samples had low to moderate titers, several samples had titers >80. When compared with sera from Nigeria and Cameroon, sera from Côte d'Ivoire had a different pattern of antibodies reactive to the chimpanzee adenoviruses prevalence rates were low to AdC1 but higher to AdC68 and AdC6. Neutralizing antibodies to AdC68, AdC6, and AdC1 were rare in sera from the United States and Thailand, with prevalence rates from 1.5% to 4% ( Figure). Left column: Cameroon, black bars Côte d'Ivoire, white bars Nigeria: gray bars. Percentages of negative samples are not shown. Prevalence of neutralizing antibody titers to chimpanzee adenoviruses. Titers to AdHu5 were comparable in serum samples from the United States and sub-Saharan Africa but were higher in the control group from Thailand ( Table 2).įigure. Percentages of antibodies to AdHu5 were higher in serum samples from Africa and Thailand than in serum samples from the United States ( Table 1). Neutralizing antibodies to AdHu5 were found in most serum samples from Africa and Thailand. Sera from captive chimpanzees in the United States and human sera from Thailand and the United States, including samples from persons with known exposures to chimpanzees, were tested for comparison. Because vaccines to HIV-1 are most urgently needed in sub-Saharan Africa, we evaluated the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to chimpanzee adenoviruses in sera from humans residing in 3 sub-Saharan countries with natural habitats for chimpanzees: Nigeria, Cameroon, and Côte d'Ivoire. We previously showed that neutralizing antibodies to chimpanzee adenoviruses are rarely found in US residents ( 6). To circumvent the negative effect of preexisting immunity to common human serotypes of adenoviruses on the efficacy of adenovirus vaccine carriers, we developed vectors based on chimpanzee-derived adenoviruses C68, C6, and C1 ( 8).
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